Guide to the citizenship test
Law-based answers about Portugal's new nationality test — updated with every official publication.
01
The test
15 articlesOverview · 7 min
Portugal's 2026 citizenship test: the complete guide
What the new nationality test under Organic Law 1/2026 is, who must take it, the 5 themes, and what the pending regulation still has to define.
Difficulty · 9 min
Is Portugal's citizenship test hard? What we can measure
Europe · 9 min
Citizenship tests in Europe: four exams, four pass marks
Exam language · 9 min
Can you take Portugal's citizenship test in English?
Failing · 9 min
You failed the exam. What happens to your application?
Format · 8 min
Portugal's citizenship test format: questions and pass mark
Official site · 10 min
Portugal's citizenship test: is there an official site?
Preparation · 5 min
How to prepare for the citizenship test with no syllabus
Sample questions · 9 min
Portugal citizenship test: a dozen questions, with sources
The 5 themes · 8 min
Portugal's citizenship test: the 5 themes and their limits
Theme · Culture · 9 min
Portuguese culture for the citizenship test: what to study
Theme · History · 8 min
Portuguese history for the citizenship test: the key dates
Theme · Rights · 9 min
Rights and duties that come with Portuguese nationality
Theme · Symbols · 8 min
Portugal's national symbols: the one theme you can finish
Theme · The State · 9 min
How the Portuguese State is organised: a fixed perimeter
02
The law and who it applies to
14 articlesThe new law · 6 min
Portugal's new nationality law: the 7 and 10-year rules
Who counts 7 years, who counts 10, when the clock starts, and why applications filed before 19 May 2026 escape the new rules entirely.
Attribution · 9 min
Born in Portugal to foreign parents: the 3 routes
Brazilians · 5 min
Do Brazilians have to take Portugal's citizenship test?
Convictions · 9 min
A conviction is a presumption you can rebut
CPLP mobility · 9 min
CPLP mobility: when the residence clock starts
Criminal record · 9 min
Which convictions block Portuguese citizenship
De facto union · 9 min
De facto union: the court step before the paperwork
Exemptions · 9 min
Exemptions from Portugal's citizenship test: who is covered
Grandchildren · 6 min
Grandchildren of Portuguese citizens: the test applies too
Minor children · 8 min
I became Portuguese — what happens to my minor children?
Minors · 10 min
Do children have to take Portugal's citizenship test?
Pending applications · 8 min
Filed before 19 May 2026? Portugal's test does not apply
The law · 9 min
Can Portugal take away your nationality?
Two routes · 10 min
Attribution or acquisition: does the nationality test apply?
03
Language and process
17 articlesCIPLE or test · 9 min
CIPLE or citizenship test: which one do you actually need?
Two separate requirements: A2 language, and civic knowledge. The CIPLE is one of six ways to prove the language, and some applicants skip it.
A2 level · 9 min
Proving A2 Portuguese without the CIPLE: five other routes
Access to law · 9 min
Portuguese legal aid when you live outside Portugal
After registration · 9 min
You are Portuguese now: what to get, in what order
AIMA or IRN · 10 min
Where do you apply for Portuguese citizenship — AIMA or IRN?
Apostille · 9 min
EU documents need no apostille in Portugal
Booking · 9 min
How to book the Portuguese citizenship test in 2026
Costs and help · 10 min
Do you need a lawyer for Portuguese citizenship?
Documents · 9 min
Documents for a Portuguese citizenship application: four
Dual nationality · 8 min
Brazil and Portugal: can you hold both nationalities?
Effective connection · 9 min
Effective connection to Portugal: the four presumptions
From abroad · 10 min
Appealing a Portuguese nationality refusal from abroad
Language exam · 8 min
Portuguese language test for citizenship: the A2 level
Refusal · 10 min
Nationality application refused: what to do, and by when
Timeline · 10 min
How long does Portuguese citizenship really take in 2026?
Where · 9 min
Where will you take Portugal's citizenship test?
Your route · 9 min
Which nationality route is yours, by the name the State uses